Set the Instant Pot to Sauté mode. Heat the olive oil, then add the onion, carrots, and celery. Cook for 2–3 minutes until the vegetables begin to soften.
1 small onion, 2 carrots, 2 celery stalks, 1 tablespoon olive oil
Slice the chicken thighs into thin strips, keeping the bones aside. Add both the sliced chicken and bones to the pot. Add the chicken broth, pasta, garlic powder, salt, pepper, and thyme. Stir to combine, making sure the pasta is mostly submerged.
1 pound skinless, 1 teaspoon garlic powder, 6 ½ cups chicken broth, 2 cups dry fusilli pasta, 1 teaspoon salt, ½ teaspoon black pepper, ½ teaspoon dried thyme or parsley
Close the lid and set the valve to Sealing. Cook on High Pressure for 4 minutes.
Once the timer is done, carefully perform a quick release by turning the valve to Venting. After the pressure fully releases, open the lid and give the soup a good stir. Let it rest for 3–5 minutes to thicken slightly.
Remove any remaining bones, shred the chicken if needed, and return the meat to the soup. Serve warm.